A native of Amherst, Massachusetts, Horatio Nelson Rust was a lifelong antiquarian and amateur archaeologist.

He began collecting archaeological and ethnographic items as a traveling salesman on the East Coast. He accepted artifacts for trade or payment and he soon took contracts for the sale or collection of artifacts from institutions in the East including the Peabody Museum and Smithsonian Institution.

During the Civil War, he served as a medical volunteer and became involved in anti-slavery, benevolent, and intellectual societies. Rust moved to California in the 1880s where he served as the United States Indian Agent.

Rust sold portions of his collection at various times to several museums. In 1892, he sold around 3,000 artifacts to Frank Granger Logan for $15,000. Logan secured a job for Rust at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. There, Rust designed several exhibitions using the Logan-Rust Collection that focused on the “evolution of domestic arts.” The Collection received an award for the best archaeological exhibit. The Logan-Rust Collection was formally accepted by the College in 1894 with the promise that “the museum doors will be thrown open to the student body.”

This collection was the founding collection of the Logan Museum of Anthropology and helped to establish Beloit College as a center for undergraduate teaching and research in anthropology.

In 1892, Frank Logan, a wealthy Chicago grain merchant, purchased a collection of around 3,000 Native American archaeological and ethnographic objects for $15,000.

Logan bought the collection from Horatio Nelson Rust, a traveling salesman, Indian agent, and collector of Native American antiquities. Logan arranged for Rust to exhibit the collection for him at Chicago’s 1893 World Columbian Exposition, where it was exhibited in the Anthropology Building. The Collection was awarded the first prize among the archaeological exhibits.

Frank Logan and his wife, Josephine Hancock Logan, became interested in Beloit College through their friend and minister, Dr. Frank Gunsaulus, a Congregational minister in Chicago and a frequent visitor to Beloit College where he lectured in history in 1887-88. In 1893 Frank Logan was appointed to the Beloit College Board of Trustees, and he donated the Rust Collection the same year. The College formally accepted the Rust-Logan Collection at the semi-annual meeting of the Board of Trustees on January 15, 1894.

Frank Logan’s contributions to the Museum were extensive. In total, he funded 15 expeditions, including several expeditions to Africa, Europe, and the American Southwest. By 1929, Logan had donated $325,000 in cash and stocks and $150,000 in collections to the Museum and Beloit College.

In 1956, the Logan Museum’s former Director Andrew Whiteford wrote an article entitled “The Museum in the School’s,” which appeared in the journal American Anthropologist. This aptly titled article explains that promoting engaged learning about cultures has formed the primary focus and intent of the museum since its inception in 1893.

The founder of the museum, Frank Logan, insisted on the educational use of the collections, and desired to see the artifacts utilized in teaching students about “primitive life.”

By 1923, laboratory and classroom spaces were added to the Museum to provide teaching facilities. In 1924, Logan established the George Collie Foundation in Anthropology as a tribute to the founding of the College’s Department of Anthropology and George Collie being named as its Chair. The Logan Museum has been intimately connected to the Anthropology Department and faculty positions often involved curatorial and directorial appointments.

With the establishment of the Museum Studies Program in 1982-83, the Museum’s role as a teaching museum was expanded even further. Beloit College students are still actively involved in field expeditions, research on the collections, and the development and installation of museum exhibitions, both at the Logan Museum and the Wright Museum of Art.

Rust Collection exhibited at Pearson's Hall of Science, 1895From 1893 to 1905, the Rust collection was exhibited on the second floor of Pearsons Hall of Science.

In 1905, Memorial Hall was redecorated and greatly improved to house the expanding Logan Museum. Prior to 1905 Memorial Hall was home to the College’s library.

The Logan Museum expanded to the second floor of Memorial Hall in 1911 when the Music Department moved out.

The first floor of Memorial Hall, College Library, ca. 1925The early display style of the Logan Museum retained the Victorian era typological style with objects arranged by type and exhibits devoid of cultural context.

The Museum’s collecting aim in the 1920s echoed the evolutionary paradigm of the typological displays.

The first curator, George Collie, and first assistant curator, Alonzo Pond, conducted fieldwork in France and Algeria in hopes of identifying the location of the origin of man. Their efforts generated the Museum’s substantial collections of Paleolithic and Neolithic material.

Hopi Pueblo diorama, 1962-1992The display style remained fairly consistent until the early 1950s when the Logan Museum acquired vertical display cases from the Milwaukee Public Museum. The new cases supplied space for more comprehensive and contextual exhibits.

The 1950s also witnessed the first dioramas at the Logan Museum. Paleolithic rock art replicas were painted in the basement “cave” exhibit, and by 1957, a life-sized Plains Indian teepee was installed on the second floor. In 1962, Andrew Whiteford completed a nearly life-sized diorama of a four-unit Hopi Pueblo.

Starting in the late 1980s, exhibitions were modernized in keeping with changes in the museum community. Representations juxtaposed both historic and contemporary cultural contexts. In 1990, the Pueblo diorama was updated to include a contemporary room, complete with television and modern furnishings.

The 1993-1995 renovation of the Logan Museum incorporated significant changes in architectural and display style. The dioramas and vertical cases were replaced by a two-story glass cube that interestingly enough harkens back to the typological display style of the late 1890s.

First floor Logan Museum after renovations and installation of the “cube.”The “cube” simultaneously stores and exhibits Central and South American Pre-columbian pottery, Southwestern North American prehistoric pottery, and an extensive collection of Native American baskets making hundreds of objects visually accessible. The cube was fitted with fiber optic lighting to balance preservation with an exhibition, and the entire museum was equipped with sophisticated temperature and relative humidity control systems in all exhibition and storage spaces.

On the second floor, the Robert G. Shaw Gallery features temporary exhibitions developed by Logan Museum staff and Museum Studies students. The gallery also houses regional archaeology collections in glass-covered drawers.

The stairway leading to the second-floor gallery displays four paintings by Elmer C. Winterberg, completed in 1935 for the Logan Museum. The paintings depict Navajo woman weaving, Akimel O’odham (Pima) people gathering the fruit of the saguaro cactus, the Acoma Pueblo, and a Hopi Pueblo snake dance. Two large marble plaques memorializing members of the Beloit community who perished in the Civil War are displayed in the foyer leading to the second-floor stairway.