Economist Douglass North won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Robert W. Fogel for their pioneering work in cliometrics, which is the application of economic theory and statistical methods to the study of history. North taught economics at the University of Washington and Washington University, and he served as director of the Institute for Economic Research and the director of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He also acted as economic consultant to the governments of Russia, Argentina, Peru, and the Czech Republic.